Fig. 4

Potential anthocyanin regulatory pathway of red or pink petals in R. chinensis. a The metabolites were identified by LC_MS in ‘CH’ and ‘OB’ petals. Peak 1–3 represent cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, respectively. b Proposed biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin synthesis in rose. c The different 35S:RcMYB114b transgenic lines of rose turned red. d Expression of RcMYB114b (left) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes (right) in different 35S:RcMYB114b transgenic lines of rose callus. The bars indicate the SD. Stars mean significant differences (*** represents P < 0.001, ** represents P < 0.01, * represents P < 0.05) analyzed by one–way ANOVA. e. LC–MS analysis of 35S:RcMYB114b transgenic rose callus and control. Peak 1–3 represent cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, respectively. f. The transient expression of RcMYB114b in apple fruit. The black triangle represents the site of the injection. g. Expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in RcMYB114b transgenic lines of apple. The bars indicate the SD. Stars mean significant differences (*** represents P < 0.001, ** represents P < 0.01, * represents P < 0.05) analyzed by one–way ANOVA