Fig. 1

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of Aeromonas sp. H1 on the yield and quality of coriander. A and B H1 increased the biomass of coriander. Data are presented as mean ± SD with Student’s t-test p-value, n = 16 biological replicates. C H1 increased the content of soluble proteins in coriander at 14 DAT. Mean ± SD with Student’s t test p value; n = 4 biological replicates. D The top 10 GO biological processes enriched in the down- and upregulated DEGs. E A heatmap showing the transcriptional activation of ribosome biogenesis in H1-treated coriander. RNAseq results, 3 biological replicates. F Time course gene expression patterns of representative ribosome biogenesis DEGs. The RT‒qPCR data are shown relative to those of the 8-DAT mock sample, mean ± SD, n = 4, asterisks (*) indicate p < 0.05, Student’s t-test. G A volcano plot showing the distribution patterns of the volatile metabolome of coriander leaves at 14-DAT. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between samples were defined by a fold change ≥ 1.5 and VIP ≥ 1.0; n = 3 biological replicates. H A heatmap of H1-induced DAMs in coriander. Arrows indicate the names of the three upregulated metabolites. I KEGG enrichment analysis of H1-induced DAMs. Groups above the dashed lines are those with a p value < 0.05. J The expression of genes in the terpene backbone synthesis pathways at 4-, 8-, and 14-DAT. RT‒qPCR values are shown relative to those of HMGS in the H1-treated 14-DAT sample. The full names of the genes and metabolites are listed in Supplementary Table S4. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the mock and H1 groups at each time point. n = 4, p < 0.05, Student’s t test