Fig. 5

Phylogenetic and gene expression analysis of MADS-box genes in P. foetida. a A phylogenetic tree of Type-II MADS-box genes in P. foetida (orange), P. edulis (green for BXG2020, blue for BXG2021) and Arabidopsis thaliana (black). b Gene expression levels of Type-II MADS-box genes in bracts (Br), sepals (Se), petals (Pe), outer and inner radii (Ri), pali (Pa), androgynophore (Ag), stamens (St), and pistils (Pi). The bars below the photos of floral organs indicate the glandular bracts (blue), the classical four whorls (black), and the extra whorls (pink). The copies exhibiting classical expression patterns in the classical ABC model are shown below the bars. c Plots show transposable elements (TEs) in the 5-kb flanking regions of the ABCE MADS-box genes. Red and orange boxes indicate the genes are in forward or reverse orientation, respectively. Different types of TEs are indicated by black (Class I), blue (Class II), and gray (other) boxes. Genes with LTRs in the promoter (upstream) regions are indicated by red stars