Fig. 3

WGCNA of 2958 DEGs (with DACs PCC ≥ 0.90 or ≤  − 0.90). A Hierarchical clustering tree (cluster dendrogram) illustrating 9 modules of co-expressed genes identified by WGCNA. Each leaf corresponds to an individual gene, and the major branches define 9 modules, color-coded. B Cell values Relationship between modules and carotenoids (detailed information reference Table S5). Rows represent modules, and columns correspond to specific carotenoids. Cell values at intersections depict the correlation coefficient between the module and carotenoid, color-coded based on the scale on the right. Parentheses in cells indicate P values. C-E Module membership vs. gene significance of pink (C), cyan (D), salmon (E) modules