Fig. 5

Thermotolerance analysis of LlC3H18-overexpressed and -silenced petal discs, and LlC3H18-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants. A The 5-d-old seedlings were directly exposed to 45℃ conditions for 1 h to detect their thermotolerance ability; the figure is a photo image taken after 7 days of recovery at 22℃. B The survival rate, measured after 7 days of heat stress (HS). Bars are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05). C Detection of LlC3H18 expression in the LlC3H18-overexpressed petal discs. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three replicates (Student’s t-test, * P < 0.05). D Phenotypes of lily petal discs under room temperature conditions (RT, 22 °C) and after exposure to heat stress (HS, 40 °C, 12 h). Representative image came from three experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. E Relative ion leakage (%) of discs at 22 °C (RT) and after HS (40 °C, 12 h). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three replicates (Student’s t-test, * P < 0.05; ND, no significant difference; the SK-LlC3H18 was compared with the SK-II control under the RT or HS condition, respectively. F Expression of LlC3H18 in TRV-VIGS lily petals. Data are presented as the means ± SD of three replicates (Student’s t-test, * P < 0.05). G Phenotypes of lily petal discs at RT (22 °C) and after HS (40 °C, 12 h). Representative image based on three experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. (H) Relative ion leakage (%) of discs at RT and after HS (40 °C, 12 h). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three replicates (Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05; ND No significant difference, TRV-LlC3H18 was compared with the TRV-control under the RT or HS condition, respectively)