Fig. 1

LlC3H18 is a heat-inducible CCCH-type protein. A Phylogenetic tree analysis of LlC3H18 and its homologs from other plant species. The evolutionary tree was assembled in MEGA 7.0 via the neighbor-joining method (bootstrap replicates, n = 1,000). PdC3H18 (Phoenix dactylifera, XP_008800632.1); EgC3H18 (Elaeis guineensis, XP_010907182.1); DcC3H18 (Dioscorea cayenensis, XP_039146376.1); CnC3H18 (Cocos nucifera, KAG1342178.1); NnC3H18 (Nelumbo nucifera, XP_010270169.1); MaC3H18 (Musa acuminata, XP_009394377.1); ZjC3H18 (Ziziphus jujuba, XP_048327362.1); CsC3H18 (Camellia sinensis, XP_028094358.1); AtC3H18 (Arabidopsis thaliana, AT2G05160); PtC3H18 (Populus trichocarpa, XP_024441083.1); PmC3H18 (Prunus mume, XP_008229903.1); BnC3H18 (Brassica napus, XP_048619457.1). B The expression of LlC3H18 in lily leaves under heat stress conditions for different time durations. HS, heat stress, 37°C. Bars indicate the mean ± SD from three replicates (Student’s t-test, * P < 0.05, all treatments compared with 0 h). C The LUC reporter assay of LlC3H18 promoter activity in tobacco leaves at room temperature (RT, 22°C) and under HS (37°C, 3 h). One representative image based on three independent experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. D Quantification of LUC intensity in panel C. All values shown are the mean ± SD of three replicates (Student’s t-test, * P < 0.05). E The activity of LlC3H18 promoter in proLlC3H18-GUS transgenic Arabidopsis at RT (22°C) and under HS (37°C, 3 h). One representative image based on three replicates. F The single plant of proLlC3H18-GUS transgenic Arabidopsis in (E). Scale bar = 1 cm. G LlC3H18 promoter activity in proLlC3H18-GUS that was transiently expressed lily petal discs at RT (22°C) and under HS (37°C, 3 h). One representative image based on three independent experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm