Table 1 Enzymes involved in lignan biosynthetic pathway of I. indigotica
From: Isatis indigotica: from (ethno) botany, biochemistry to synthetic biology
Name | Enzyme | Gene ID | Substrate | Product | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase | PAL1 | – | Phenylalanine | trans-Cinnamic acid | Ma et al., 2016 |
PAL2 | – | ||||
Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase | C4H | GU014562 | Cinnamic acid | 4-Coumaric acid | Hu et al., 2015 |
4-Coumarate CoA ligase | 4CL | GQ872418 | – | – | Di et al., 2012 |
4CL2 | KC430622 | 4-Coumaroyl acid; caffeic acid; ferulic acid; sinapic acid | 4-Coumaroyl CoA;caffeoyl CoA et al. | Zhang et al., 2016a | |
4CL3 | KC430623 | Caffeic acid; ferulic acid | Caffeoyl CoA; Feruloyl CoA | Zhang et al., 2016b | |
Coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase | C3H | JF826963 | 4-Coumaroyl CoA | Caffeoyl CoA | Chen et al., 2015 |
Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase | CCoAOMT | DQ115904 | Caffeoyl CoA | Feruloyl CoA | Li et al., 2021 |
Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase | CCR | GQ872418 | Cinnamoyl CoA esters | Cinnamaldehydes | Hu et al., 2011 |
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase | CAD | GU937874 | Cinnamyl aldehydes | Cinnamyl alcohols | Hu, 2010 |
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/ quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase | HCT | – | p-Coumaroyl CoA; caffeoyl shikimate | p-Coumaroyl shikimate; caffeoyl CoA | Dong et al., 2015 |
Dirigent protein | DIR1, DIR2 | – | Coniferyl alcohol | Pinoresinol | |
Pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase | PLR1 | JF264893 | Pinoresinol; lariciresinol | Lariciresinol; secoisolariciresinol | |
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | UGT71B5a | MW051594 | Pinoresinol; lariciresinol; secoisolariciresinol; matairesnol | Glycosylation products | Chen et al., 2021b |
UGT71B5b | MW051595 |